Almanackan som varade i evighet

2 kommentarer

1. Per G Cronstrand skriver:

   februari 1, 2015 kl. 3:12 e m

   Hej !

   Läste med stort intresse dina två artiklar om runstaven och tobaksdosan. Men när jag kom till ditt uttalande att den 22 febr. ”firades till minne av att aposteln Petrus denna dag blivit vigd till biskop av Rom” – studsade jag till. Jag anser att detta är fel (av typen vandringssägen) och påstår att dagen firades till minne av att Petrus denna dag blev biskop i Antiokia.

   Petrus blev senare biskop i Rom, men detta skedde den 18 jan. Men mig veterligt har denna dag aldrig firats i Sverige till minne av Petrus. I de medeltida ”svenska” kalendarierna angavs alltid (?) enbart ”Petri Cath.”, varför det är naturligt att gemene man (och även andra) antog att detta avsåg stolen i Rom. Dessutom får man intrycket att det under de första århundradena efter Kristi födelse rådde en viss osäkerhet även inom kyrkan om vad som verkligen firades den 22 febr. (Inte helt ovanligt.)

   För att belägga mitt påstående, bifogar jag några utdrag:

   Internet : Nordiska Museet / Petter Katt
   ”Dagen firades i äldre tid till minne av att aposteln Petrus tog säte på en biskopsstol i Antiokia”´.

   Henriksson, Alf: Alla årets dagar (1993) sid 181, anger:
   Under medeltiden var det den romerska påvestolen man då tänkte på ; man firade alltså apostel Petri upphöjelse till biskop i Rom. På 1500-talet flyttades den festen emellertid bakåt i kalendern – se 18 jan – och på den 22 februari firar man sedan dess i stället apostels utnämning till biskop i Antiochia, —

   af Klintberg, Bengt: Namnen i almanackan (2005), sid 89 anger:
   I almanackorna före 1901 kunde man läsa den gåtfulla förkortningen Petr. Cath. på dagens datum (22 febr). Det är en förkortning av Petrus Cathedraticus eller Petri cathedra och det som firades var aposteln Petrus enligt traditionen skulle ha tagit säte på biskopsstolen i Antiokia denna dag.

   Lithberg, Nils: Computus (1953) sid 15 ff:
   Polemius Silvius´ kalendarium från 400-talet anger för den 22 febr.:
   Depositio sancti Petri et Pauli.
   Cara cognatio ideo dicta, quia tunc etsi fuerint vivorum parentum odia, tempore obitus deponantur.

   Google översättning (föreslår):
   Kära familj det kallades, eftersom det är då även om de har levt, för hatet av föräldrarna, vid tidpunkten för dödsfallet som ska avsatt.
   eller på engelska:
   Dear family it was called, because it is then although they have been living, for the hatred of the parents, at the time of death to be deposed.

   Min tolkning (eller snarare gissning, då jag inte läst latin):
   De stod varandra nära – var hatade och blev därför dödade. Begravna vid denna tidpunkt.

   Wikipedia
   Petrus Cathedraticus
   Festum Cathedrae Petri, officiell benämning inom Stockholms katolska stift Den helige Aposteln Petrus biskopsstol, firas den 22 februari till minne av Petrus som då, enligt traditionen, installerades till biskop i Antiokia. Firandet av Petri uppstigande på biskopsstolen i Rom firades förr den 18 januari, vilket avskaffades 1960. Då de båda dagarnas firningar slogs samman till ett firande.

   Från 700-talet började två fester att firas, en 22 februari till minne av hans uppstigande på en antiokenska biskopstolen som han enligt traditionen skulle ha innehaft tidigare och till minne av hans uppstigande på den romerska 18 januari. Båda festerna sanktionerades genom påvebeslut. Som kyrklig festdag avskaffades den i Sverige 1571.

   http://www.newadvent.org › Catholic Encyclopedia › C anger:
   From the earliest times the Church at Rome celebrated on 18 January the memory of the day when the Apostle held his first service with the faithful of the Eternal City. According to Duchesne and de Rossi, the ”Martyrologium Hieronymianum” (Weissenburg manuscript) reads as follows: ”XV KL. FEBO. Dedicatio cathedræ sci petri apostoli qua primo Rome petrus apostolus sedit” (fifteenth day before the calends of February, the dedication of the Chair of St. Peter the Apostle in which Peter the Apostle first sat at Rome). The Epternach manuscript (Codex Epternacensis) of the same work, says briefly: ”cath. petri in roma” (the Chair of Peter in Rome).

   In its present (ninth-century) form the ”Martyrologium Hieronymianum” gives a second feast of the Chair of St. Peter for 22 February, but all the manuscripts assign it to Antioch, not to Rome. Thus the oldest manuscript, that of Berne, says: ”VIII kal. mar. cathedræ sci petri apostoli qua sedit apud antiochiam”. The Weissenburg manuscript says: ”Natl [natale] sci petri apostoli cathedræ qua sedit apud antiocia.” However, the words qua sedit apud antiochiam are seen at once to be a later addition. Both feasts are Roman; indeed, that of 22 February was originally the more important. This is clear from the Calendar of Philocalus drawn up in the year 354, and going back to the year 311; it makes no mention of the January feast but speaks thus of 22 February: ”VIII Kl. Martias: natale Petri de cathedra” (eighth day before the Calends of March, the birthday [i.e. feast] of the Chair of Peter). It was not until after the insertion of Antioch in the copies of the ”Martyrologium Hieronymianum” that the feast of February gave way in importance to that of January. The Roman Church, therefore, at an early date celebrated a first and a second assumption of the episcopal office in Rome by St. Peter. This double celebration was also held in two places, in the Vatican Basilica and in a cemetery (coemeterium) on the Via Salaria. At both places a chair (cathedra) was venerated which the Apostle had used as presiding officer of the assembly of the faithful. The first of these chairs stood in the Vatican Basilica, in the baptismal chapel built by Pope Damasus; the neophytes in albis (white baptismal robes) were led from the baptistery to the pope seated on this ancient cathedra, and received from him the consignatio, i.e. the Sacrament of Confirmation. Reference is made to this custom in an inscription of Damasus which contains the line: ”una Petri sedes, unum verumque lavacrum” (one Chair of Peter, one true font of baptism). St. Ennodius of Pavia (d. 521) speaks of it thus (”Libellus pro Synodo”, near the end): ”Ecce nunc ad gestatoriam sellam apostolicæ confessionis uda mittunt limina candidatos; et uberibus gaudio exactore fletibus collata Dei beneficio dona geminantur” (Behold now the neophytes go from the dripping threshold to the portable chair of the Apostolic confession; amid abundant tears called forth by joy the gifts of Divine grace are doubled). While therefore in the apse of the Vatican Basilica there stood a cathedra on which the pope sat amid the Roman clergy during the pontifical Mass, there was also in the same building a second cathedra from which the pope administered to the newly baptized the Sacrament of Confirmation. The Chair of St. Peter in the apse was made of marble and was built into the wall, that of the baptistery was movable and could be carried. Ennodius calls the latter a gestatoria sedes; throughout the Middle Ages it was always brought on 22 February from the above-mentioned consignatorium or place of confirmation to the high altar. That day the pope did not use the marble cathedra at the back of the apse but sat on this movable cathedra, which was, consequently, made of wood. The importance of this feast was heightened by the fact that 22 February was considered the anniversary of the day when Peter bore witness, by the Sea of Tiberias, to the Divinity of Christ and was again appointed by Christ to be the Rock of His Church. According to very ancient Western liturgies, 22 February was the day ”quo electus est 1. Petrus papa” (on which Peter was first chosen pope). The Mass of this feast calls it at the beginning: ”solemnitatis prædicandæ dies præcipue nobilis in quo . . . . beatus Bar-Jona voce Redemptoris fide devotâ prælatus est et per hanc Petri petram basis ecclesiæ fixus est”, i.e. this day is called especially praiseworthy because on it the blessed Bar-Jona, by reason of his devout faith, was raised to pre-eminence by the words of the Redeemer, and through this rock of Peter was established the foundation of the Church. And the Oratio (collect) says: ”Deus, qui hodiernâ die beatum Petrum post te dedisti caput ecclesiæ, cum te ille vere confessus sit” (O God, who didst this day give us as head of the Church, after Thyself, the Blessed Peter, etc.).

   The feast of the Cathedra Petri was therefore celebrated on the Via Salaria on 18 January; in the Vatican Basilica it was observed on 22 February. It is easy to believe that after the triumph of Christianity the festival could be celebrated with greater pomp in the magnificent basilica erected by Constantine the Great over the confessio, or grave of Peter, than in a chapel far distant from the city on the Via Salaria. Yet the latter could rightly boast in its favour that it was there Saint Peter first exercised at Rome the episcopal office (”ubi prius sedit sanctus Petrus”, as Abbot Johannes wrote, or ”qua primo Rome petrus apostolus sedit”, as we read in the ”Martyrologium Hieronymianum” at 18 January). This double festival of the Chair of St. Peter is generally attributed to a long absence of the Apostle from Rome. As, how ever, the spot, ”ubi s. Petrus baptizabat, ubi prius sedit” was distant from the city, it is natural to think that the second feast of the cathedra is connected with the opening of a chapel for Christian worship in the city itself.

   Wikipedia
   The Martyrologium Hieronymianum (meaning ”martyrology of Jerome”) is list of Christian martyrs, one of the most used and influential of the Middle Ages It is the oldest surviving general or ”universal” martyrology, and the ultimate source of all later Western martyrologies. It was probably compiled in the late 6th century by monks in Gaul from calendars or martyrologies originating in Rome, Africa, the Christian east and locally.

   Hoppas att du lägger ut fler runstavar med bilder på internet.

   Med vänliga hälsningar

   Per G Cronstrand

   Svara
   1. Jönköpings läns museum skriver:

      februari 17, 2015 kl. 8:48 f m

      Ok, tack för din kommentar!

      Svara